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Geography of Vadodara

Vadodara is an important city lying in the central parts of Gujarat. Its strategic location makes it a prominent centre of agriculture and economy in the state. At an elevation of 128 feet above the sea level, it has a distinguished topography and geographical conditions. Vadodara is also the 18th largest city of India with area of 235 sq km.

Geographical Conditions in Vadodara

It has its location in the south east direction of Ahmedabad city. As a district, Vadodara has 15 towns, 12 tehsils, and more than 1650 villages falling under it. It is fringed by Kheda and Anand towards its west, Panchmahal and Dahod towards its north, Narmada and Bharuch to its south, and Madhya Pradesh to its east direction.

Topography of Vadodara

The topographical conditions of Vadodara are typical to this region. Due to its location between the plains of Narmada and Mahi rivers, it has a fertile land suitable for agriculture. The city is situated on the banks of Vishwamitri River that generally dries up during the summer season and turns into a narrow stream of water.

The city of Vadodara comes under the seismic Zone III in the scale ranging from 1 to 5. It is quite prone to earthquakes. Pavagadh Hills are the tallest region of Vadodara as a district. It also comes under the Government of India’s Agriculture Export Zone with 69% land of the district falling under net sown area. There are many major crops being cultivated in this district. They include wheat, sorghum, yellow peas, rice, tobacco, groundnut, sugar cane, oil seeds, arhar, and cotton. The main horticultural crops of Vadodara are mango and chickoo along with tomatoes.

The topography of Vadodara

Vadodara comes under the agro climatic zone of Gujarat plains and Hill Region known for the arid climate. The soil here is sandy and loamy along with medium black soil, hilly light soil, and deep black soil found in the various regions.

Vadodara is quite rich in minerals as well. It possesses rich deposits of minerals like fluorspar, dolomite, quartz, fluoride, black trap, gravel, graphite, marble, granite, manganese ore, and agate. It accounts for up to 98% of total production of dolomite in the entire state.

The entire district of Vadodara has 77, 788 hectares of land covered with forests. There are many Ayurvedic medicines found in these forests along with wood used by the local industries.

Flora and Fauna of Vadodara

Vadodara has a rich flora and fauna. The district is blessed with exquisite wildlife that is conserved through the wildlife sanctuaries. The flora of this region can be specified as dry deciduous type with huge presence of Indica and neem trees. The entire flora of Vadodara as a district can be classified into agricultural hedges, ravine, and small vegetation around the lakes and ponds. Kher, sitafal, baval, bamboo, caper, savar, gundi, limdo, arni, nilgiri, karanj, gulmohar, keri, Borsalli, sag, Jambu, etc. are the main trees found here. The areas of Vadodara also has rich plantation of sag, shisham, khair, timru, dudhalo, sadad, and mahuda trees.

The flora and fauna of Vadodara

Like its varied flora, the fauna of Vadodara is also quite vivid. Along with its wildlife, the district also has rich avifauna with wide varieties of birds being sighted here. You can spot herons, cormorants, egrets, ibis, stork, hawks, wagtails, kingfisher, pipits, waders, quails, partridges, pheasants, geese, terns, coots, crakes, water hen, pigeons, babblers, warblers, spotted owlet, common hoopoe, etc. in Vadodara.

The forests and wildlife reserves of Vadodara has wide variety of wildlife including hyena, leopard, jackal, fox, barking deer, antelope, blue bull, python, mongoose, civets, Indian porcupine, jungle cat, Indian Flying Fox, Langur, Indian Hare, rodents, wild boar, etc.

Water Bodies in Vadodara

The physiology of Vadodara comprises of many rivers that flow around the city. These rivers provide drinking water to the district and also serve the irrigation purposes for the agriculture of this region. Mostly, the western parts of this district are inundated by these rivers that include Mahi, Vishwamitri, Jambuva, Narmada, and Dhadhar.

Water Bodies of Vadodara

Vishwamitri is the main river that flows from eastern to western direction of Vadodara city. In fact, it divides the city into Western region and eastern region. On the eastern bank of this river, there are areas of old Vadodara city embarking upon their rich heritage sites and fortified areas whereas the western side has glimpses of modern city marked by skyscrapers, educational institutes, residential colonies, and shopping malls. Apart from these rivers, there are many canals and dams in the district.

Climate in Vadodara

The climate of Vadodara is typical Savannah type falling under Koppen’s classification of climate. The climate is mostly dry with three main seasons viz, summer, winter, and monsoon. Monsoon is the rainy season. The average rainfall is 37 inches in this district but occasionally, there are heavy rains causing flood in the rivers. Due to the southwest monsoons, the climate becomes humid from mid of June to mid of September months.

Climatic conditions of Vadodara

Summer season lasts from March to July months with dry winds. The average summer temperature dwells around 40 degrees Celsius. The highest temperature recorded in the district is 46.7 degrees in the year 1967.

Winters are mildly cold in Vadodara. The winter months last from November to February with average minimum temperature of 15 degrees Celsius. Usually, cold and dry northerly winds blow across the district during this chilling season. The lowest recorded temperature is -1.1 degrees Celsius in 1935. Otherwise the climate in winters is nominally cold and extremely dry in this region.

Geographical Data of Vadodara

  • Location: 22.30oN and 73.19oE
  • Coordinates: Latitude is 22 deg 17’ 59’’ North and
  • Longitude is 73 deg 15’ 18’’ East
  • Area: 235 sq km
  • Elevation: 35.5 meters above the sea level
  • Forest Area: 77, 788 hectares
  • Soil Type: Sandy loamy
  • Average Rainfall: 93 cm

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